Prevalence of Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome in Rural Southern Nigeria: Gender and Age Disparities
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Keywords
hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, gender, age
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of interconnected risk factors, including obesity, hypertension, elevated blood sugar, and abnormal lipid profiles. Its increasing prevalence globally poses a significant public health concern. This study investigated the prevalence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with MetS, considering age and gender in a rural teaching hospital.
Methodology: Conducted at Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital, Edo State, the study involved 75 patients selected through simple random sampling using the 2009 Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria of the IDF/AHA/NHLBI. It utilised an observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective design, focusing on individuals aged 18 years and older who consented to participate. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 23, with p < 0.05 considered significant.
Results: The findings indicated that 60% of patients with MetS had hypertension, 17.3% had T2DM, and 22.7% were diagnosed with both conditions. Among hypertensive patients, 57.3% were female (P = 0.110). For T2DM, 25.3% of patients were female (P = 0.766). The prevalence of both T2DM (P = 0.106) and hypertension (P = 0.708) was higher in middle-aged patients compared to other age groups.
Conclusion: This study highlights the significant prevalence of hypertension and T2DM among patients with MetS in a rural teaching hospital, with notable variations across gender and age groups. While hypertension was more common in females, T2DM showed no significant gender disparity. Middle-aged individuals exhibited a higher prevalence of both conditions, underscoring the need for targeted screening and intervention strategies in this demographic.
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Harmony Uchenna Ibezim, Department of Internal Medicine, Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria.
Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria
Senior Medical Officer, Department of Internal Medicine, Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria.
Helen Kwipnchep Njoya, Department of Biochemistry, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria.
Professor of Clinical Biochemistry and Ethnopharmacology
Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria.
Hendrith Esene, Department of Community Medicine, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria.
Associate Professor of Health Systems Strengthening and Public Health.
Lecturer, Department of Community Medicine, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria.
Consultant Community Health Physician, Department of Community Medicine, Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria.
Shalom Enahoro Azenabor, Department of Family Medicine, Ese Medical Centre, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria.
Medical Officer, Department of Family Medicine, Ese Medical Centre, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria.
Saeed Sule, Department of Family Medicine, Oxford HealthPlus Hospital, Lagos State, Nigeria
Medical Officer, Department of Family Medicine, Oxford HealthPlus Hospital, Lagos State, Nigeria