Testicular Disease: A Clinico-Pathological Report from A Nigerian Tertiary Health Center. https://doi.org/10.60787/NMJ-64-3-73
Main Article Content
Keywords
Testes, Atrophy, Torsion, Prostate, Granuloma
Abstract
Background: The testes are the male reproductive glands and the homolog of the ovary in females performing critical functions. Pathologic conditions could arise from the testes and blunt or completely obliterate these functions leading to clinically overt or covert sequelae. The aim of this research is to study the pattern of histologically diagnosed testicular disease in relation to clinical features at the Jos University Teaching Hospital between January 2012 and December 31st, 2021.
Methodology: This study is a retrospective analysis of all cases of testicular biopsies. All histologically diagnosed testicular lesions were identified from the departmental records and clinical data obtained further from the patients’ folder at the Medical Records Department.
Results: Four hundred and thirty (430) biopsies were seen, of which 304 (70.7%) were orchidectomy specimens. The commonest histological diagnosis was testicular atrophy accounting for 328(76.3%) cases. Testicular torsion is followed by 42(9.8%) cases. Together, inflammatory conditions accounted for 36(8.4%) cases out of which granulomatous inflammation made up 52.3% of cases. There were 16(3.7%) neoplastic conditions all of which were malignant, out of which 6(37.5%) were seminomas. The age range, mean, median and modal age was 1-90 years, 53.4 +21.3years, 60 years and 70 years respectively. Prostatic carcinoma therapy in the form of bilateral orchidectomy was the major indication for surgery.
Conclusion: The majority of testicular lesions in our locality are atrophies and most of these lesions are obtained as orchidectomies for therapy of prostatic cancer.
References
2. Moore CR. Physiology of the testis. JAMA. 1941 ;116:1638–44
3. Mieusset R, Bujan L, Mansat A, Pontonnier F. Hyperthermie scrotale et infécondité masculine. Progrès en Urologie1992 ;2:31–6.
4. Van De Graaff, Kent M. (Kent Marshall) (1989). Concepts of human anatomy and physiology. Fox, Stuart Ira. (2nd ed.). Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C. Brown Publishers. pp. 936.
5. Netto GJ, Amin MB. The lower urinary tract and male genital system. In: Kumar V Abbas AK, Aster JC (eds.) Robins and Cotran Pathologic basis of disease. 10th Ed; Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. 2021;953-83.
6. McLachlan RI, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Hoei-Hansen CE, de Kretser DM, Skakkebaek NE. Histological evaluation of the human testis—approaches to optimizing the clinical value of the assessment: Mini Review. Human Reproduction2007; 22:2–16.
7. Olapade-OlaopaEO, Obamuyide HA, Yisa GT: Management of advanced prostate cancer in Africa. Can J Urol.2008, 15:3890-8.
8. Ekeke ON, Amusan OE, Eke N. Management of prostate cancer in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: changing patterns. J West Afr Coll Surg. 2012; 2:58–77.
9. Rud O, Peter J, Kheyri R, Gilfrich C, Ahmed AM,Boeckmann W. Subcapsular Orchiectomy in the Primary Therapy of Patients with Bone Metastasis in Advanced Prostate Cancer: An Anachronistic Intervention? Advances in Urology 2012. doi:10.1155/2012/190624
10. Atta MA, Elabbady A, Sameh W, Sharafeldeen M, Elsaqa M. Is there still a role for bilateral orchidectomy in androgen-deprivation therapy for metastatic prostate cancer? Arab J Urol. 2019;18:9-13.
11. Nwafor CC, Nwafor NN. Morphologic patterns of testicular lesions in Uyo: A university hospital experience. Sahel Med J2019; 22:18-22.
12. Niedzielski J, Pisarska K, Przewratil P. The usefulness of testicular atrophy index in the assessment of undescended testicle--preliminary report. RoczAkad Med Bialymst. 2003; 48:112-4.
13. Bujan L, Mieusset R, Mansat A, Moatti JP, Mondinat C, PontonnierF. Testicular size in infertile men: relationship to semen characteristics and hormonal blood levels. Br J Urol. 1989; 64:632-7
14. Tekumalla A, Ragi S, Thota R. Histopathological analysis of testicular lesions-a three-year experience in a tertiary carecenter, Telangana.Trop J Path Micro2019; 5:260-8.
15. Abdulkadir A, Sanusi HM, Alhaji SA. Histopathological pattern of testicular lesions in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. Niger J Surg2019; 25:158-62.
16. Oranusi CK, Onyiaorah IV, Ukah CO. Pattern of Testicular Biopsies as Seen in a Tertiary Institution in Nnewi, Southeast Nigeria. Niger J Surg214; 2:55-8.
17. Albasri AM, Hussainy AS. Histopathological pattern of testicular diseases in western Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J2018; 39:476-80.
18. Baidya R, Sigdel B, Baidya NL. Histopathological pattern of testicular lesion. Journalof Pathology of Nepal2017; 7:1087-90.
19. Greaves P. Histopathology of preclinical toxicity studies: interpretation and relevance in drug safety evaluation. 3rd ed. Elsevier, BV; 2022:661-716.
20. Kahn RI, McAninch JW. Granulomatous disease of the testis. J Urol. 1980;123:868-71
21. Perimenis P, Athanasopoulos A, Venetsanou-Petrochilou C, Barbalias G. Idiopathic granulomatous orchitis. Eur Urol. 1991;19:118-20
22. Sakuma T, Den S. [A case report of granulomatous orchitis--review of 20 cases in Japan]. Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi. 2001; 92:30-3
23. Wegner HE, Loy V, Dieckmann KP. Granulomatous orchitis--an analysis of clinical presentation, pathological anatomic features and possible etiologic factors. Eur Urol. 1994;26:56-60.
24. Laher A, Ragavan S, Mehta P, Adam A. Testicular Torsion in the Emergency Room: A Review of Detection and Management Strategies. Open Access Emerg Med. 2020; 12:237-46.
25. Schick MA, Sternard BT. Testicular Torsion. [Updated 2022 May 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448199/
26. Fehér MA, Bajory Z. A review of main controversial aspects of acute testicular torsion. Journal of Acute Disease. 2016; 5: 1-8.
27. Reddy H, Chawda H, Dombale V D. Histomorphological analysis of testicular lesions. Indian J Pathol Oncol2016;3:558-63.
28.Mandong BM, MadakiAKJ, Mannaseh AN. Malignant diseases in Jos: a follow up. Ann Afr Med. 2003; 2:4–53.
29. Mandong B, Manasseh A, Ayuba D, Olugbenga S, Emmanuel I, KwagheB, Mandong J. Burden of Cancer in Plateau State, Central Nigeria: A 27-Year Report from a Tertiary Hospital-Based Cancer Registry.Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 2019; 28:1-11.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access journal and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share-Alike License 4.0. This licence allows users to download and share, remix, tweak and build upon the article for non-commercial purposes, so long as the original authorship is acknowledged and the new creations are licensed under identical terms.