NMA/AGSM/2025/PUBH/002 - Ectopic pregnancy in Federal Teaching Hospital Katsina. North-western Nigeria.

Abstract

Background: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality; it is a major gynaecological emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. occurring when a fertilized ovum implants outside the uterine cavity. It accounts for approximately 1-2% of all pregnancies. A rising incidence has been observed worldwide in the last two decades and this has been attributed to an increase in the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases, the use of contraceptives and assisted reproductive technologies. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, mode of presentation and forms of ectopic pregnancy in Federal Teaching Hospital Katsina.

Methodology: This is a retrospective study in which surgical biopsy specimens seen over 5-year period (2020-2024) were reviewed with respect to age, site and Mode of presentations.

Results: A total of 56 cases of ectopic pregnancy were histologically diagnosed during the period under review (2020-2024), within age range of 20-39 years, with peak incidence in the 3^rddecade of life 31(53.4%). The most common site of involvement was the fallopian tube 55(98.2%), an infrequent site was the cervix uteri 1(1.8%). The side of involvement in Fallopian tube were 29(53.0%) on left side, 25(45.0%) right side, while in 1(2.0%) site was not specified. The triad of amenorrhoea, abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding was the most common mode of presentation (100%).

Conclusion: Ectopic pregnancy is common in this environment and is still a major health problem among women of reproductive age group, while the left fallopian tube side and triad of amenorrhoea, abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding was the most common mode of presentations