Effect of Musical Therapy on Hemodynamic Parameters and Inflammatory Markers in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Varicose Veins Under Spinal Anaesthesia.
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Keywords
Music therapy, Hemodynamic, Varicose veins, Anxiety, Patient satisfaction, Spinal anaesthesia
Abstract
Background: Surgical procedures are frequently accompanied by anxiety, hemodynamic instability, and inflammatory responses, which may delay recovery. Music therapy is a safe, cost-effective, non-pharmacological intervention that has been shown to reduce perioperative stress and improve patient well-being. This study assessed its effects on hemodynamic parameters, inflammatory markers, anxiety, and patient satisfaction in patients undergoing varicose vein surgery under spinal anaesthesia.
Methodology: Sixty-four patients (16–65 years, ASA I–II) scheduled for elective varicose vein surgery under spinal anaesthesia were randomised into two groups: control (C) and music therapy (M). Group M listened to self-selected music one hour before and during surgery, while Group C received standard care. Primary outcomes were changes in hemodynamic variables and inflammatory markers; secondary outcomes included perioperative anxiety and postoperative satisfaction.
Results: Group M demonstrated significantly lower heart rate, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure compared with Group C (p < 0.05). Postoperative inflammatory markers were also reduced in Group M (CRP 2.75 ± 1.07 vs. 4.22 ± 1.79 mg/L; ESR 9.81 ± 3.06 vs. 13.69 ± 2.88 mm/hr; IL-6 1.56 ± 1.38 vs. 3.13 ± 3.21 pg/mL; all p < 0.01). Anxiety scores declined in Group M (39.16 ± 4.18) but increased in Group C (62.97 ± 7.77; p < 0.001). Patient satisfaction was markedly higher in the music group (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Music therapy enhanced hemodynamic stability, reduced anxiety and inflammatory markers, and improved patient satisfaction in patients undergoing varicose vein surgery under spinal anaesthesia.
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